Holiday Hazards: Managing Afib Triggers During the Winter Season

The holiday season is a time for celebration, gatherings, and indulgence, but for those with atrial fibrillation (Afib), it can also bring hidden risks. From overeating to cold weather and heightened stress, holiday traditions can inadvertently trigger Afib episodes. By understanding these seasonal pitfalls, you can enjoy the festivities while keeping your heart healthy.

Key points:

Holiday-specific Afib triggers

There are several Afib triggers that occur during the holiday season particularly. Here is a list of some of the triggers to look out for while enjoying your time together with family and friends.

Overeating can stimulate the vagus nerve

Over the holidays there can be a tendency to indulge in rich foods and this might lead some people to overeat. Eating large meals causing a too-full stomach can result in gastrointestinal issues and this can stimulate the vagus nerve. Additionally, acid reflux, caused by overeating can increase the risk of Afib.

Holiday foods are often packed with fat and salt which adds to the risk of increased atrial fibrillation episodes. A study found that sodium intakes greater than 6 g/d were associated with a 10% increase in risk for each additional 1 g of sodium consumed. Furthermore, as commonly known, being overweight is a risk factor for Afib and thus moderation and portion control are key when it comes to eating.

Alcohol consumption and the “Holiday heart syndrome”

The “Holiday heart syndrome” describes the sudden manifestation of a cardiac arrhythmia following a period of heavy drinking, which is often seen over the holidays.

Alcohol increases the risk of atrial fibrillation by disrupting heart cell signaling and calcium regulation. Atria exposed to alcohol are more prone to irregular electrical activity due to abnormal calcium release during the heart’s resting phase, which triggers extra action potentials and Afib.

Alcohol also shortens the atrial refractory period, especially during binge drinking or “hangovers,” and causes electrolyte imbalances through its diuretic effect. Additionally, ethanol metabolites can damage heart cells by causing oxidative stress and mitochondrial injury, further promoting Afib.

Cold weather can induce Afib

Earlier this year the AFIP Foundation published an article discussing how warmer temperatures can affect Afib but did you know that cold and dry air can also have a negative effect on Afib?

Cold weather and dry air have been associated with an increased risk of Afib, particularly among individuals with preexisting cardiac conditions. Studies show that lower temperatures and reduced humidity can trigger acute cardiovascular episodes, including Afib, likely due to increased cardiovascular stress, vasoconstriction, and heightened sympathetic activity. Seasonal patterns reveal a peak in Afib episodes during colder months in both temperate and warmer climates. So it is important to bundle yourself up in warm clothes and not exert yourself too much.

Disrupted sleep can increase Afib episodes

Late-night celebrations and less sleep can also lead to a higher risk of Afib. Poor sleep quality and consistency is linked to a higher risk of atrial fibrillation episodes the next day. A study found that when participants with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation experienced worse sleep, they had a 15% higher chance of reporting an episode the following day, and these episodes tended to last longer.

Tips to stay safe over the holidays

In order to avoid increased Afib episodes and worsening symptoms, there are minor lifestyle changes that you can make.

Heart-healthy eating

Try to eat intuitively and avoid over-eating by listening to your body. It is also important to eat a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats as well as avoid foods high in sodium and fat when possible. Remember that moderation is key, and occasional indulging is completely normal.

Moderation in Alcohol and Caffeine

To avoid unnecessary negative effects of alcohol try to limit alcohol consumption. Swapping out alcoholic beverages can negate the effects of the “Holiday Heart Syndrome”. In addition, limiting caffeine can also aid in reducing the risk of Afib.

Stay warm and avoid overexertion

When going outside, dress appropriately for the cold weather and avoid overexertion. This can prevent increased cardiovascular stress. Most importantly, stick to your medications and treatment plan. Although the holidays can be a hectic time, remember to take your medication and also take good care of yourself.

Happy holidays from the AFIP team!